This issue emphasizes the need for a reliable means of identifying, acquiring, and preserving evidential data from the client-side. However, because of user privacy protection, these logs cannot be easily used as evidence in court. Criminality undertaken in cloud computing can be directly seen on logs stored on the cloud storage server, which records user activity. So, it has increased the opportunities for criminality. Data are more easily uploaded and shared between multiple devices and across multiple platforms. The rapid development of cloud storage technology paired with the prevalence of smartphone usage presents wide-ranging challenges for digital forensics practitioners. We believe the need to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of hardening techniques and their combination. Based on our in-depth survey, we highlight the issues related to them and manifest future directions. Hardening mechanisms are also popular amongst application developers to fortify against reverse engineering. Furthermore, we review and analyze the code obfuscation and preventive techniques used by malware to evade detection. We then present an exhaustive and analytic taxonomy of Android malware hardening techniques available in the literature.

In this article, we present an overview of Android and its state of the art security services. code obfuscation, packaging and encryption) to evade static analysis (signature based) and dynamic analysis (behavior based) detection methods. Malware authors employ multiple techniques (e.g. Driven by economic benefits, quantity and complexity of Android malware are increasing, thus making them difficult to detect. Anti-malware companies are often the first and only line of defense for mobile users. In the age of increasing mobile and smart connectivity, malware poses an ever evolving threat to individuals, societies and nations.

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